Kidney stones are one of the most common, and painful, urologic conditions affecting adults today. If you’ve experienced one, you know the sharp, intense pain can come on suddenly and disrupt daily life. For some patients, however, the problem doesn’t stop after one episode. Recurrent kidney stones require a deeper evaluation, personalized care, and a long-term prevention strategy.
At Fairbanks Urology, we specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of kidney stones, helping patients reduce recurrence risk and maintain optimal urinary health.
What Are Kidney Stones?
Kidney stones (renal calculi) are hard mineral deposits that form inside the kidneys when urine becomes overly concentrated. This leads to crystallization of substances such as:
- Calcium oxalate (most common)
- Calcium phosphate
- Uric acid
- Struvite (infection-related stones)
Common Symptoms of Kidney Stones
- Severe flank or lower back pain
- Blood in urine (hematuria)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Frequent or painful urination
- Difficulty passing urine
Why Do Kidney Stones Recur?
Some individuals are more prone to developing stones repeatedly. These are known as recurrent kidney stones, defined as two or more episodes.
Risk Factors for Recurrence
- Low fluid intake (chronic dehydration)
- High sodium or high-protein diet
- Excess oxalate consumption (spinach, nuts, chocolate)
- Obesity and metabolic syndrome
- Family history of kidney stones
- Certain medications or medical conditions (e.g., gout, hyperparathyroidism)
Metabolic Evaluation for Kidney Stones
A metabolic evaluation is the cornerstone of preventing recurrent kidney stones. At Fairbanks Urology, we conduct detailed assessments to identify the root cause of stone formation.
What Is Included in a Metabolic Workup?
Blood Tests
- Calcium levels
- Uric acid
- Kidney function markers
Urine Testing (24-Hour Urine Collection)
This specialized test measures:
- Urine volume
- Calcium excretion
- Oxalate levels
- Citrate (a natural stone inhibitor)
- Sodium and uric acid
Stone Analysis
If a stone is passed or removed, we analyze its composition to guide treatment.
Why It Matters
Understanding why stones form allows for a targeted prevention plan, reducing the likelihood of future episodes.
Treatment & Surgical Options for Kidney Stones
When stones do not pass naturally, or are too large or painful, advanced treatments may be required.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
- Uses focused sound waves to break stones into smaller fragments
- Non-invasive, outpatient procedure
- Best for smaller stones
Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy
- A minimally invasive procedure using a small scope inserted through the urinary tract
- Laser energy breaks stones into fine particles
- Effective for stones in ureter or kidney
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
- Recommended for large or complex stones
- Involves a small incision in the back to remove stones directly
- High success rate for large stone burdens
Medical Expulsive Therapy
- Uses medications to help pass stones naturally
- Often used for small stones in combination with pain control
At Fairbanks Urology, we tailor treatment based on stone size, location, patient health, and recurrence history.
Preventing Kidney Stones
Prevention is key, especially for patients with a history of recurrent kidney stones. Our team develops individualized prevention plans, but the following are common recommendations for preventing kidney stone formation.
Stay Hydrated
- Aim for 2–3 liters of water daily
- Goal: produce clear or light-yellow urine
Dietary Changes
- Reduce sodium intake
- Moderate animal protein consumption
- Limit oxalate-rich foods if indicated
- Maintain normal calcium intake (do not cut calcium drastically)
Lifestyle Modifications
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Stay physically active
- Avoid excessive sugar and processed foods
When Should You See a Urologist?
Seek care if you experience:
- Severe or persistent pain
- Recurrent kidney stones
- Blood in urine
- Frequent urinary infections
- Difficulty passing urine
Early intervention can prevent complications and reduce recurrence. At Fairbanks Urology, we combine advanced diagnostic tools, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and personalized prevention plans to deliver comprehensive kidney stone care.
Kidney stones don’t have to be a recurring problem. With a proper metabolic evaluation and a personalized care plan, you can significantly reduce your risk.